Jammu & Kashmir separatist leader Yasin Malik on Monday was heckled by Kashmiri Pundits who accused him of masterminding the exodus of Hindu ahead of his address at a peace conference here. As the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front chairman got up to address the peace meet, a dozenodd protesters — all Kashmiri Pundits who had to relocate from the Valley to escape the militant violence unleashed against them as part of ethnic cleansing in J&K — started calling him names and accused him of raping and murdering a Hindu girl and thereafter using his clout to escape prosecution. They also branded him a terrorist.
Malik, an ex-militant commander who gave up arms in 1994 for political struggle, denied the allegations. “I won’t wait for a court trial. Hang me right here if you can prove that I have raped or killed the nurse. Tell me when did it happen. Give me the date,” said the angry JKLF leader.
The protesters then accused the pro-independence leader of masterminding the exodus of some 3 lakh Hindus from Kashmir. Countering this, Mr Malik claimed that he had been wanting the Kashmiri Pundits to return to their homeland. “It is my wish... we are incomplete without them (Kashmiri Pundits)... they are our blood... But some vested interests keep these weeping boys active in Delhi to stop us from raising our concerns,” he was quoted by news agencies as saying.
Despite repeated assurances that they would be allowed to make a point and speak, the Kashmiri Pundit protesters refused to yield. Police then stepped in and whisked them away to restore order at the India International Centre (IIC) auditorium.
“This is an open forum. You have every right to speak. But learn to behave properly,” said Rajendra Sachar, a former Supreme Court judge and one of the organisers.
India is unlikely to be a volume market for Amazon's Kindle reader in the short term, according to analysts. Estimates of the number of these devices sold in India since October, when Amazon started shipping the device to the country, range from a few hundred to about 1,000 units. That is low for a country that had over 506 million mobile subscribers at the end of November last year, according to data from the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI). The comparison may however be inappropriate, said Arpan Gupta, an analyst at research firm, IDC India. While communications is seen as a necessity in India, the ability to download books and read them from a device is not, he said. The Indian market for the Kindle is not very big currently and is also expected to remain sluggish this year, said Gupta, who however declined to estimate the number of Kindle devices sold in India so far.
Amazon does not disclose the number of units of the Kindle shipped, a spokeswoman for the company said. The company said on Wednesday that it is selling its Kindle DX with Global Wireless device, with a 9.7 inch display, in over 100 countries outside the U.S. The device, priced at US$489, has been available for pre-order since Wednesday, with actual shipments scheduled for Jan. 19. Amazon started shipping a smaller device with a 6-inch display, currently priced at $259, to the same countries in October. Estimates of sales of that device in India so far range from a few hundred to about 1,000 units, according to some analysts and industry sources. In India, the cost of the 6-inch Kindle and the DX works out to more than the list price, after adding handling and shipping charges and import duties, according to the Amazon web site. The Amazon spokeswoman declined to comment on the company's plans in India, when asked if Amazon planned to set up a local presence, and also take advantage of local retail channels in India.
There isn't as yet a market in India for a specialized reading device at the price of a Kindle, said Gupta of IDC. For a market where PC penetration is still low, users would rather pay some more and buy a laptop, which has a lot more features than a specialized e-reader, he added. Besides, Indians are still used to reading physical books and newspapers, rather than electronic editions, Gupta said. Online editions of newspapers are getting popular, but very slowly, he added.
"I considered buying the Kindle at one point, but I am still not comfortable with reading a book on a digital reader," said Irfana Tabassum, director at Zion Consulting Services, a marketing consulting company in Bangalore.
Some Indians who are interested in buying e-readers are likely to have bought them on their trips to the U.S., where the devices are cheaper, said Sridhar Vedantham, an executive at the Indian operation of a multinational software company. Vedantham picked up an e-reader a couple of years ago in the U.S., but he decided on an e-reader from Sony because he didn't want to be tied to the Amazon store to buy books. He couldn't download books wirelessly to the reader, instead having to download first to his computer, and then transfer to the device. "The ability to download directly to the device was not a consideration for me," Vedantham said.
Interest in the Kindle in India may have been higher if Amazon had launched a promotion campaign, including in newspapers and television, highlighting the benefit of the product, according to Gupta. Having a retail presence would perhaps help users get a better feel of the product, he added. "I think that for now Amazon wants to be there in the market before the competition, if it takes off," he said. Amazon seems to be mainly relying on getting its message across by word-of-mouth, Gupta said.
In view of the prevailing cold wave conditions in the Capital, the Delhi Government on Monday ordered closure of all its schools up to Class VIII for the rest of the week up to January 16. All the schools will now re-open on January 18.
Education Minister Arvinder Singh Lovely said the Government has decided to close down pre-primary, primary and middle classes in all Delhi Government and its aided schools under the Directorate of Education.
Stating that the decision has been taken because of requests from parents of school children and to safeguard the interest of students, Mr. Lovely said unaided recognised schools and public schools have also been advised to close down their classes for the week.
“Schools recognised by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi, NDMC and the Delhi Cantonment Board have also been advised to follow the instructions in the interest of school children,” he said.
Meanwhile, Delhi Mayor Kanwar Sain and MCD Education Committee chairman Prithvi Raj Sawhney also jointly announced that all MCD and MCD-aided schools would remain closed from Tuesday. They will re-open on January 18. They also announced that teachers would, however, attend school as usual during the holidays.
After weeks of inaction, TIMES NOW has learnt that there is a possibility that Army officers involved in the Darjeeling Land Scam could get off lightly, raising questions over whether the Army chief is going soft on the officials with only administrative action being taken against them.
A decision on action against four Generals, including Military Secretary Lt General Avadesh Prakash, involved in the scam is expected in a couple of days. However, Army sources told TIMES NOW that Army Chief General Deepak Kapoor is close to finalising the course of action against the three Lt Generals, a Major General and a Colonel, who were earlier found to be 'culpable'. The scam involved the sale of civilian land adjacent to the Sukna military station near Darjee
ling. Lt Gen Avadesh Prakash is one of the top eight Generals in the headquarters acting as advisors to Army chief General Deepak Kapoor and as the military secretary is responsible for promotion and postings of officers, a much sought after post itself. Lt Gen Avdesh Prakash has been implicated in another scam as well. Defence sources have told TIMES NOW that Lt Gen Avdesh is being investigated for his alleged involvment for misuse of regimental funds. The case first came to light after the Army granted a no objection certificate to business groups and a private education trust to acquire a 71-acre tea estate adjacent to the Sukna military station. An MoU was subsequently signed between the Sukna Army Station Commander and four private entities. Lt-Gen Avadhesh Prakash, was then indicted for issuing an NOC to a private establishment. Subsequently, the Judge Advocate General had also recommended action against Lt. Gen Avadesh Prakash.
Seeking to stop former prime minister HD Deve Gowda from exploiting Bangalore Mysore Infrastructure Corridor (BMIC) controversy for political gains, chief minister BS Yeddyurappa on Sunday challenged him for a debate on land allocations for the project in the presence of prime minister Manmohan Singh.“It was when Gowda was the Chief Minister that the memorandum of understanding on the BMIC project was signed. I will not tolerate Gowda’s attempts to malign me after he did everything with regard to the land allocation for the Nandi Infrastructure Corridor Enterprise (NICE), the company which is implementing the project. The BJP government has not shown any favour for NICE. Whatever has been done by my government was done as per the Supreme Court orders,” Yeddyurappa said. He attributed Gowda’s diatribe against him to his (Gowda) fears that the continuance of the BJP government would destroy the future of the JD(S) in the state. “I will not tolerate if Gowda continues his diatribe,” he said. He wondered, if Gowda was really interested to present the truth about the BMIC project, why wasn’t he raising the issue in the Lok Sabha. “If Gowda has political courage, let him come for a debate in the presence of the prime minister. Let the Congress leaders decide who is right and who is wrong,” Yeddyurappa challenged. The chief minister added that Gowda had intensified his agitation against NICE with an eye on the BBMP polls, and that the people would see through his game and teach him a befitting lesson in the elections. There was no need for Gowda to shed crocodile tears in the name of farmers, he said. Gowda had, in a hard hitting retaliation, accused Yeddyurappa and state Advocate General Ashok Harnahalli of betraying the farmers to facilitate NICE in getting 5,000 acres of excess lands. He shocked the media and political circles by abusing them Meanwhile, Deve Gowda also threatened to launch a sit-in protest in front of Yeddyurappa’s residence from Wednesday. Meanwhile, Harnahalli termed Gowda’s outbursts as unfortunate. “Though people have every right to criticise, this was not the way. It has posed a serious danger to the democratic set up,” he said. “I am only doing my duty as asked by the government, while arguing before the Supreme Court on the BMIC project. My conscience is clear,” he added.
A gang at Ambur in Tirunelveli district murdered a Sub-Inspector (SI), attached to Alwarkurichi police station, on Thursday. Police sources said Vetrivel (44) the SI was returning to Alwarkurichi police station on a two-wheeler from Ambasamudram taluk office and was crossing the Gadana river bridge, when the gang hurled country-made bombs on him and attacked him with weapons. At that time the convoy of Ministers M R K Paneerselvam and T P M Mohideen Khan, who were heading towards Kadayanallur for inspecting the area, reached the place. Seeing the convoy, the gang fled and security personnel who were in the convoy fired at the gang. The injured Vetrivel was rushed to the Ambasamudram Government Hospital in a VIP patrol vehicle. A senior doctor, who was in the convoy accompanied Vetrivel. After being given first aid at Ambasamudram Government Hospital, he was rushed to Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital where he was declared brought dead. Medical sources said Vetrivel suffered grievous cut injuries on the left side of his neck. His right leg was grievously injured, when the country- made bombs burst. On information, Tirunelveli Range DIG P Kannappan and Superintendent of Police Asra Garg visited the spot and conducted enquiry. Police sources said Vetrivel was a native of Uppathoor in Virudhunagar district. He joined the force in 1988 and was promoted as SI in 2005 and was part of the forest brigand Veerappan operation. A case of mistaken identity Vetrivel’s murder was a case of mistaken identity, Kannappan said. He said that the wife of the Kadayam Sub Inspector Sivasubramanian had lodged a complaint of dowry harassment against the SI. It was said that Kadyam SI’s in-laws had planned to murder the SI. As Kadayam SI and Vetrivel were of the same height and build and since Vetrivel was wearing a helmet, he might have been murdered in a case of mistaken identity. Investigations are on, the DIG added. The police found 2 two-wheelers parked some distance from the murder spot, and vehicle documents in the name of SI Sivasubramanian’s relatives were recovered from one of the twowheelers. This led the police to believe that the murdered SI was mistaken for Sivasubramanian, the sources added.
India and China on Thursday concluded a two-day defence dialogue, exploring new ways the two countries’ militaries could better build confidence against a backdrop of rising border tensions.
Officials said Thursday’s talks saw “positive progress”, with both sides discussing new confidence building measures and a joint military exercise which will be held later this year. Defence secretary Pradeep Kumar held talks with the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) deputy chief of general staff, Ma Xiaotian, on Wednesday, and met Defence Minister Liang Guanglie on Thursday. Mr. Kumar told his Chinese interlocutors India was willing to work with China to strengthen mutual trust and “increase consensus”, as well as expand co-operation on security issues. He said the two countries would push forward military exchanges “on the basis of mutual respect and mutual trust.” ‘Chance to clarify’
Mr. Ma said the talks gave the two sides a chance to “clarify concerns, deepen mutual trust and coordinate stances.” Officials familiar with the discussions said regional security issues, including the recent tensions along the disputed border and the two countries’ naval strategies, were on the agenda. This week’s meeting was the third round of the annual bilateral Sino-Indian Defence Dialogue, which began in December 2007, but was viewed by both officials and strategic analysts in both countries with particular significance. The talks take place after a period of strained relations between the two neighbours, with a number of media reports in India suggesting increased incursions by Chinese troops along the disputed border. Mr. Kumar’s is also the first ever visit by an Indian defence secretary to China. In Thursday’s talks, Mr. Liang called on both governments to do more to “exert a positive impact on media and public opinion,” to improve the recently strained atmosphere between the two countries, State-run Xinhua news agency reported. It is understood that the two sides discussed the recent tensions, and stressed the need to maintain existing confidence building measures (CBMs), such as local-level brigadier meetings and regular exchanges along the Line of Actual Control, the effective demarcation along the border. Both sides also agreed to increase the frequency of exchanges to improve transparency and reduce mistrust. Last year has seen both countries intensify efforts to improve military communication, with PLA General Wu Quanxu visiting India’s Eastern Command and an Indian Army delegation visiting Tibet and the PLA base in Chengdu. The first round of the annual defence dialogue was held in December 2007, when the two militaries also conducted a joint exercise in Yunnan, in China’s southwest. The second round of talks was held in Belgaum, Karnataka. The timing of this round, amid renewed strains in bilateral ties, has placed added significance on this week’s talks, analysts said. “There is a substantial difference because both civil and military leaderships realise the continuing uncertainty on the border is not in the interests of both countries,” said Srikanth Kondapalli, chairman of the Centre for East Asian Studies at Jawaharlal Nehru University. “They have now renewed efforts to push CBMs forward.” Strategic analysts in China viewed the dialogue as an opportunity for the two countries to turn the corner. “The current situation is not very bright, and we have seen negative trends, especially in the media of both countries,” said Zhao Gancheng, director of South Asia Studies at the Shanghai Institute for International Studies. “In this context, this kind of defence dialogue, and a push to increase exchanges, is a positive development that will increase mutual understanding.”
Mineral-rich Malawi on Saturday expressed interest in joint exploration of its uranium reserves with India as part of its efforts to attain energy security, even as the two countries inked three key pacts in the fields like agriculture and small enterprises. After singing three important agreements for cooperation in various fields, Vice President Joyce Banda said that India and Malawi can work together to explore uranium sites as her country has huge deposits of the mineral. "We have discovered Malawi has huge deposits of uranium. We can work with Indian government to explore other sites of uranium deposits," Banda said replying to a query on what kind of assistance it wants from India in exploring the mineral deposits. In her speech, Banda said while India has proposed a Memorandum of Understanding in the field of coal resources, Malawi is proposing that the scope of the MoU should be expanded to include development of other mineral resources such as uranium, which is an important source of energy. "What is paramount for Malawi is energy security. Mining of uranium is just a component of energy. Uranium is just a part of the larger picture," she said. India and Malawi also signed three agreements in fields of agriculture and allied sectors, small and medium enterprises and Protocol on Foreign Office Consultations, during Vice President Hamid Ansari's visit to this country.
The agreements aim at giving a fillip to setting up new industries in Malawi, promoting marketing of agri products, animal husbandry and micro processing. Banda said there are four specific areas in which Malawi is seeking India's cooperation for energy listing coal, water and wind energy as the other components besides uranium. "Malawi has good mineral resources in which we are interested but there are things, which are being examined in some depth," Ansari had said before embarking on his three nation visit on Jan 5. Secretary (West), Ministry of External Affairs Vivek Katju, who later briefed reporters regarding the agreements and discussions between the two countries, however evaded a direct reply on the issue. "They have energy resources and they view this (uranium) is also a part of their resources," he said when asked about the offer of the Malawian side on it. To a question on how India responds to the offer, Katju said, "the country indicated that it is ready and willing that there should be cooperation across the board in energy sector like in all other sectors". Uranium production began in Malawai from its Kayelekera mine owned by Paladin Energy of Australia in September 2009. The first uranium exports from the country took place in mid-October to Canada. Katju said India is discussing with Malawi an MoU on cooperation in mineral resources, which it hopes to finalise in the coming months.
Pradyota assent throne Avanti ending Brhadratha dynasty and starting Pradyota dynasty of Magadha. The Mahavamsa states that Ajatasattu Sun Udayabhadra succeeded Ajatasattu and ruled for the next sixteen years. He moved his capital to the bank of the Ganges, which was known as Pataliputra. The legacy was followed by Udayabhadra Sun Anuruddha Munda and his son in the same family tradition by killing his father. Munda Sun Nagadasaka killed his father and continued through the reigning dynasty parricides'. The citizens angry over rule Haryankas, rebelled against Nagadasaka and Shishunaga anointed as king.
The political process in India began with the semi-nomadic tribal units called Janas which coalesced in janapadas. The first Vedic kingdom mentioned in the Vedas is Videha, but its existence mostly fall under the category of the religious-legendary. During the 6th century BC, had janapadas formed larger political entities, possibly through a process, not unlike the Greek synoecism the smaller settlements to the city combined with their hinterlands (mahajanapadas). Among the mahajanapadas five cities have taken on particular importance: Rajagriha or Rajgir in Magadha (modern Bihar), Varanasi (formerly Benares) in Kasi, Kausambi in Vatsa, Sravasti in Kosala, and Champa in Anga. All these states were in the Gangetic Plain in northern India. Other major centers were in Avanti Ujjain and Taxila in Gandhara (now part of Pakistan).
Magadha was featured in both the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The four strongest states - Kasi, Kosala, Magadha and Vrjji - was all along the GangesRiver. Of these four, Magadha had several advantages that would help it to victory in the battle for supremacy. It has risen to power in the reign Bimbisara (544 to 491 BC) and his son Ajatashatru (491 to 460 BC). Bimbisara if the city Rajagriha (modern Rajgir, near Gaya, Bihar) controlled in the vicinity of the iron mines. Bimbisara established dynastic links through intermarriage with the nobility of the neighboring countries Kosala and Vrijji, and easily dominated the field Vanga southeast. However, he was murdered by his son Ajatashatru in 493 BC, established a fort at Pataliputra (Patna) as Ganga and near her confluence with Gandaki, Sona, and GangharaRivers. Ajatashatru also was assassinated (461 BC), his impatient heir, and hence the next five generations.
Magadha expanded to include most of Bihar and much of Bengal with the conquest of Anga, and then expanded up the Ganges valley annexing Kosala and Kashi. Magadha formed one of the sixteen known Mahajanapadas. The Magadha empire included the republican community like Rajakumara. Villages had their own assemblies under their local leaders called Gramakas. Their administrations were divided into executive, judicial and military functions. Bimbisara was friendly to both Jihad and Buddhism and suspended tolls at the river ferries for all ascetics after the Buddha was once stopped at the GangesRiver for lack of money.
Magadha was fighting with all its neighbors, and used its superior arms (such terrible Rathamushala, an armored car with solid iron blades for mowing down opposing forces) to great effect. After the death of Udayan fell kingdom Magadh quickly and was replaced by the Shishunaga dynasty that took over in 413 BC. However revealed Shishunaga dynasty not last more than 50 years, and Nanda dynasty took over.
The word "Prison" synonym of the word "Jail" or "prison" or "Penitentiary" was defined as a place, properly positioned and equipped for the reception of persons of legal process is required in custody while awaiting trial or punishment.
During the period of the Sultanate, there were no regular Prisons. Only old forts and castles were used as prisons.
During the time of Emperor Akbar, there were two kinds of prisons. One of the criminals who had committed serious crimes and for ordinary criminals. Important noblemen and princes guilty of treason and rebellion were imprisoned in fortresses located in different parts of the country.
The provision of proper prison building across India, the contribution from the British Government. The native governments do not maintain proper prison buildings.
Lord Macaulay, a member of the Indian Law Commission initiated Prison reform in 1835 for the first time in India. Indian Prisons Act of 1894 regulated the prison system in the country. At that time there were 43 civil, 75 criminal and 68 mixed prisons in India. These prisons were operated by the District Magistrate.
Presidency Jail for women in Vellore, was the first prison built in Tamil Nadu during the year 1830 followed by Madras "Penitentiary" in the year 1837 and thereafter all other prisons were built one by one until the year 1872nd After independence, the Central Prison, Puzhal was the only prison built during the years 1981 and some extra housing was conducted in other prisons. All Prison buildings are more than 150 years old.
The prisons play a vital role in the administration of criminal justice system and assist the courts in monitoring the implementation of the judgments awarded by them.
Model Prison complex-Puzhal
To hold because of the severe crowding in the Central Prison, Chennai and the need to increase capacity, new prison complex at Puzhal was constructed on a total expenditure of Rs.77 crores. It consists of three prisons say. I Puzhal Central Prison with a capacity of 1250, for receipt convict prisoners, Central Prison II Puzhal with a capacity of 1250, for the reception and special remand prison for women Puzhal with a capacity of 500 for receiving female prisoners. Prison complex is located in a growing area of about 212 hectares. Construction work was carried out by Tamil Nadu Police Housing Corporation Ltd. prison starts from 26.11.2006 onwards. Additional facilities such as meditationHallRehabilitationCenter, Open Air Theater, Gymnasium, ComputerTrainingCenter is provided. Apart from the above, all cells, blocks and hospitals in this prison is equipped with ceiling fans.
Central Prison, Coimbatore
This prison was built during the years the 1872nd The area now occupied by this prison is 167.76 acres. The approved accommodation of this prison is 2208th Veteran freedom fighters Thiru. V.O. Chidambaram Pillai was confined in this prison in the freedom struggle from 09.07.1908 to 01.12.1910.
Central Prison, Cuddalore.
This prison was built during the years the 1865th This prison was originally used to shelter the mentally retarded prisoners, and then converted as usual Prison. During the year 1986 this prison was re-classified as a prison for Habitual Offenders Prison. This prison was converted to a random prison during the year 1996. The national poet Mahakavi Subramaniya Bharathiyar was confined in this prison in the freedom struggle from 20.11.1918 to 14.12.1918. The approved accommodation of this prison is the 723rd
Central Prison, Madurai.
This prison was built during the years the 1865th This prison is located on an extent of 31 acres. This prison is a Casual Prison to meet prisoners on remand and under trial prisoners. The approved accommodation of this prison is the 1252nd
Central Prison, Palayamkottai
This prison was built in 1880, it was acting as a District Jail till the 1929th During the year 1929 it was transformed as a BorstalSchool. Because of the small recording was Borstal school moved to premises in the former District Jail, Pudukottai. The current premises have served as a Central Prison with effect from 1.4.68. The area of the prison population is 117.75 acres. The approved accommodation of this prison is the 1332nd
Central Prison, Salem
This prison was built during the years the 1862nd Jail Annex was built in 1934 to take young prisoners. The area of this prison is 113.19 acres. The approved dwelling is 1431st This prison is classified as a special prison for the confinement of Habitual Prison Inmates and habitual offenders. The architectural design of this prison is the circular shape of lotus petals, and all cells are either internally to a central point.
Central Prison, Tiruchirapalli:
This prison was built during the years the 1865th The area occupied by this prison is 289.10 acres. The approved dwelling is 2517th The architectural arrangement of this prison is radial blocks with a central tower.
Central Prison, Vellore
This prison was built during the years the 1867th The total area of this prison is 153 acres. The approved dwelling is 2130th The architectural design of this prison is radial with tower blocks. The former President of India Shri.R.Venkatraman was confined in this prison from 30.11.1940 to 25.09.1941 during freedom struggle. The former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu Peraringnar Dr.CNAnnadurai was also limited in that prison from 16.08.1962 to 24.10.1962.
BorstalSchool, Pudukottai
It was initially serve as a District Prison and transformed as a BorstalSchool with effect from 01.04.1968. The young offenders aged 18-21 years (boys) sentenced by the courts pursuant to § 8 (1) Tamil Nadu Borstal Act 1925 is limited in that prison. The area occupied by this institution is 23.45 hectares. The approved accommodation for this Borstal School is 40th In a further 10 prisons Sub (Nanguneri, Saidapet, Gudiyatham, Panruti, Gingee, Paramathi, Pollachi, Melur, Ariyalur, Thanjavur) has also been transformed into Borstal School for pre-sentenced young prisoners.
Special prison for women, Tiruchirapalli
This prison was operational from 04.05.1997. The female prisoners coming from all the southern districts are housed in this prison. This institution is fully staffed by women officers and staff. The approved accommodation of this prison is the 106th
Special prison for women, Vellore:
This prison was originally named as Presidency Jail for Women and function from 15.04.1930. The total area of this prison is 13.62 hectares. The area of the jail premises is 3.23 hectares. The female prisoners are sentenced to imprisonment for more than 3 months from all the southern states, namely Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu was originally filmed here. After the formation of these states as independent those was the name of the Prison changed state prison for women. Prisoners belonging to the State of Tamil Nadu alone is limited here. Women political leaders who Dr.Radhabai Subbarayah, was Dr. (MRS) Rukmani Lakshmipathi, Mrs.Anmana Raj confined in this prison. The approved accommodation of this prison is 412
It Pratiharas believed to be the Rajput clan. They set foot in India in females invasion and settle around Panjab Rajputana region. Soon they advanced to the Aravali and Ujjain. The branch of Pratiharas who reigned in Gurjarat was Gurjaras. The inscription of Pratiharas trace their origin to Lakshmana, the anuja of Rama who acted as Rama's doorkeeper or Pratihara. But in reality, when Dantidurga, the Rashtrakuta King defeated Gurjura King Nagabhata-I, the latter was made a Pratihara (doorkeeper), while Dantidurga performed Hiranyagarbha dana ceremony at Ujjain.
The Pratihara dynasty began well below the ruler Nagabhatta-I. Although he initially had hiccups with Rashtrakutas, he was able to leave a strong state consisting Malwa, parts of Rajputana and Gujarat. He was followed by two weak successors, namely Kakkuka and Devaraja. But it is only the next ruler Vatsraja, son of Devaraja was the most ambitious ruler who had a desire to conquer all of northern India. The same thought put him in conflict with PALAS but the war with Rashtrakuta ruler Dhruva was expensive and ended in defeat. Vatsaraja died in 805 AD, but it is true that he laid the foundation for a customer Pratihara empire.
His successor Nagabhatta-II (805 to 839 AD) showed its military capabilities by checking Muslim advancement and victory over Andhra, Vidharbha, Vatsa, Sindhu and Kalinga. But he suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Rashtrakutas (Govinda-III), which allowed it to Dharmapala and Devapala to reestablish hegemonyPalace. Vatsaraja was followed by a minor Rambhadra to govern in three years. Miirabhoja, the successor to Rambhadra pronounced in nearly fifty years (until 890 AD). The glorious chapter began in the history of Pratiharas with accession Mihirabhoja. Although initially suffered a loss, the other half of his reign were remarkable. He regained all the territories which he had lost, and stood as a bulwark of defense against Muslim aggression and left this task as a sacred inheritance to his successors.
Mahendrapala-I and his son Mahipala (Bhoja-II) succeeded Mihirabhoja one after the other, and somehow managed to contain the unrest comes from Rashtrakutas and aggression of Muslims. During the series of Rajyapala-II (son of Mahipala-I) Chandellas came into dominance. The steady decline in the power and authority Pratiharas as segmentation Pratihara empire in the hands of the Chalukyas of Anhilwada, the Chandellas of Jejakabhukti, Chedis of Dahala, Paramaras of Malwa, the Guhilas in Southern Rajputana, the Chahamanas of Sakambhari and Kacchwahasghatas of Gwalior. Towards the end of 10 century, came prestige Pratiharas to and end with the humiliating submission of Rajyapala for Mahmood in 1018 AD. Subsequently, the Pratiharas like Trilochanapala, Yasapala continued reigning for another century.
The war of words intensified on Thursday between India and Australia over the continuing attacks on Indian students in Australia since May 2009. Two Indians have also been killed in recent attacks. India on Thursday toughened its stand saying Australia must take urgent remedial action to ensure that no such attacks happen again. Australia has been saying that India and the Indian media are drumming up jingoistic hysteria over what are not racist crimes.
CNN-IBN on Face The Nation debated: Are Indian students in Australia victims of racism?On the panel of experts to debate the issue were sociologist and former professor of sociology in Deakin University, Sanjay Srivastava; Chief of South Asia Bureau, Der Spiegel, Padma Rao; former diplomat KC Singh who has also served in Australia and Director of Dr Syama Prasad Mookerjee Research Foundation Tarun Vijay. At the beginning of the show, 80 per cent of those who voted in said that Indian students in Australia were victims of racism, while 20 per cent disagreed. Racism versus urban crime Sanjay Srivastava started off the discussion by saying that the students studying in Australia thought that the crimes were a mixture of urban crime and racism. He said, “You can either have a war of words or try and do something concrete. The Indian Government can ask the Australian government to look at the sets of rules and regulations that put Indian students in dangerous job, working late nights, etc. So, I think we need to move beyond simply trading words.” In order to look at concrete steps, the identification of the disease needs to be made a priority. There are 200,000 immigrant populations in Australia, none of the settlers are being attacked. It’s the new breed of Indian students who are being attacked. KC Singh agreed and felt that there should be a recognition of the real problem.
“Multiculturalism is recent in Australia. Australia has had a “whites only policy” for a very long time and when things are nice and bright and the economy is looking up, then the tolerance levels are higher. But when the downturn comes, we have seen elsewhere in the west, this is not specific to Australia only, but first the Australian government has to recognise that there is a problem,” said Singh. “There may be a sociological explanation, but when they (Australia) gave the visas and allowed universities to come to India and recruit student, when money went into their coffers, nobody objected then. When the policy doesn’t work out and there’s a problem which arises, then you can’t turn around,” said Singh. It happens only is Australia Should Australia have been much more introspective about its educational programmes holding out to students from India? Padma Rao came on rather assertively at this point of the discussion and said that India had a long way to go before it could question other people’s educational and racial policies. “I am not even beginning to go down the road and mention crimes committed in the name of caste and gender in this country,” added Rao. Tarun Vijay expressed shock at Padma’s Rao’s argument and felt that her argument wasn’t an argument at all. “I believe that the Aussies are the most atrocious and horrendous racists on this planet. These people should be taught a lesson and they should be banned. Indian students shouldn’t be allowed to go to Australia,” stressed Vijay.
ChennaiInternationalAirport is located at Tirisulam, 7 km south of Chennai, capital of Tamil Nadu, India. The airport has the honor of being one of the largest international gateways into the country and is the third busiest airport in India after Mumbai and Delhi. Besides this, the airport operator as the main air hub of Tamil Nadu. Airport serves more than 25 different airlines. Chennai airport is the second largest cargo hub in the country, after Mumbai. Go through the following lines to check the information on the profile of the Chennai airport.
History
The history of Chennai airport goes back to the 1950s when it was one of the first airports in India. The airport served as the final destination of Air India's first flight from Bombay (Mumbai) via Belgaum, in 1954. Chennai airport was originally called MeenambakkamAirport, because of construction of the first passenger terminal, located on the northeast side of the airfield. The place was included in a suburb of Meenambakkam. Passenger operations were moved to Tirusulam, south near Pallavaram where a new terminal complex was constructed. Currently, the old terminal building is used as a cargo terminal and served as a base for Indian courier firm - Blue Dart.
Outdoor Structures
ChennaiInternationalAirport consists of three terminals, which includes the old terminal at Meenambakkam, the new passenger terminal complex located near Pallavaram, which consists of both domestic and international terminals. The domestic and international terminals are connected by a building housing administrative offices and a restaurant. A new international bloc, consisting of three aero-bridges, were added to the airport. The new block is used for departures while the older building serves as a place for arrivals.
Plans
The ChennaiInternationalAirport is planning its modernization and expansion. As part of the renovation drive, the airport proposes to include a parallel runway, taxiways, aprons and new passenger terminal buildings, on its premises. To expand itself, the airport will purchase land in nearby areas. Manapakkam, Kolapakkam, Gerugambakkam and Tharapakkam in Sriperumbudur Taluk, the proposed areas where the airport would be expanded. The airport plans to construct a new domestic terminal and expand its existing international terminal. Besides this, the ChennaiAirport decided to build an integrated cargo complex at its premises.
Airlines
Domestic (Kamraj Terminal)
Air India Regional (Delhi, Visakhapatnam)
Indian Airlines (Bangalore, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Madurai, Mumbai, Port Blair, Trichy, Trivandrum)
The terror siege at the Hotel Punjab at Lal Chowk in Srinagar has been on for more than 19 hours now. Two terrorists reportedly belonging to Jamiat-ul-Mujahideen (JUM) continue to be holed up inside the hotel. At least two security personnel and one civilian has been killed in the over 19-hour long gunbattle. While one security personnel belonged to the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), the other was from the state police force. The gunbattle has also left 10 others including seven civilians injured. One of those injured is a cameraman of a national Hindi news channel. CRPF Special Director General NK Tripathi, who is monitoring the operation from Jammu, said that the security froces are going to launch an assualt on the hotel soon. "Contingent of CRPF and J-K Police have entered the hotel for the final assault. One CRPF jawan has been injured this morning (Thursday). It’s a five-floor hotel with wooden floors and possibility of civilians inside make the operation difficult. There’s a possibility that terorists may be carrying explosives. There had intelligence inputs of a major strike a few days back. We are sure there sure that there are two terrorists but can’t rule out the possibility of more," said Tripathi.Security forces have been able to rescue nearly 100 guests from the hotels in the area. Out of the 100 people rescued 10 were from Hotel Punjab where there terrorists are hiding.
The terrorists, believed to be fidayeen (suicide squad), lobbed grenades on a Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) picket at Pladium Chowk and followed it by indiscriminate firing around 1415 hrs IST on Wednesday. The CRPF and police personnel deployed in the area retaliated and the terrorists ran inside the hotel. They then opened fire and lobbed grenades on the security forces and since then have been engaging them in a fierce gunbattle. The JUM is believed to be a breakaway faction of the Hizbul Mujahideen.
First generation undergraduates in Tamil Nadu, irrespective of their caste or income, will not have to pay tuition fees from the coming academic year. Governor Surjit Singh Barnala made this announcement in the State Assembly on Wednesday while delivering his annual customary address. The Governor said that families that have never had a graduate in the family can have one now. The State Government will bear the entire tuition fee of such students who secure admission to professional courses under the Single Window System. Students studying in government and private engineering, medical, dental, agricultural, veterinary and law colleges, irrespective of their caste or income will benefit from the scheme. The Governor said introduction of an equitable education system would remove difficulties faced by students and parents due to the many boards of education and syllabi. It would enhance the competitiveness of students at various national level examinations. Waiver of loans availed by tsunami- affected fishermen to the tune of Rs 80 crore and Rs 83 crore of loans availed by Adi Dravida entrepreneurs, free house pattas for those living on government land for three years and a hike of Rs 50 in the procurement price of ordinary and fine varieties of paddy were among the other announcements. AIADMK and its ally, the MDMK, staged a walkout and boycotted the Governor’s address.
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